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深海稀土富集机制与资源开发利用研究现状
Current status of research on the mechanism of deep-sea rare earth element enrichment and resource development and utilization
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| DOI | 10.20086/j.cnki.yskw.2025.4167 |
| 刊名 |
Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica
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| 年，卷(期) | 2025, 44(3) |
| 作者 |
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| 作者单位 |
1. 中国科学院南海海洋研究所, 热带海洋环境与岛礁生态全国重点实验室, 广东 广州 510301; |
| 摘要 |
稀土资源对现代工业发展至关重要,但陆地稀土资源的过度开采已引发环境和可持续性等一系列问题。深海稀土资源的发现为全球稀土特别是昂贵的中重稀土供应提供了新机遇,但其稀土元素来源、稀土元素赋存矿物、成矿机制等关键科学问题尚需深入探讨,开发技术方面亦存在深海开采难度大、成本高、提纯冶炼技术不成熟、环境影响评估不足等问题。本文系统归纳了深海稀土资源的“源-运”过程、赋存状态、成矿机制以及当前面临的技术挑战和环境问题。同时,文章强调加强基础研究、技术创新以及国际合作,以促进深海稀土资源的高效、环保开发。同时,建立全面的环境影响评价体系、优化市场预测模型,并在国际法律框架下合理利用这些资源,以保障国家资源安全,推动全球可持续发展。
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| Abstract |
Deep-sea rare earth element and yttrium (REY) resources are crucial to the development of modern industry. However, the overexploitation of terrestrial REY resources has led to a series of environmental and sustainability issues. The discovery of deep-sea REY resources offers new opportunities for global REY supply, but key scientific questions such as the sources of REY, the minerals hosting these elements, and the mechanisms of ore formation still require in-depth investigation. On the technical front, challenges include the high difficulty and cost of deep-sea mining, immature purification and smelting technologies, and insufficient environmental impact assessments. This paper systematically summarizes the "source-transformation" processes, the state of existence, the ore-forming mechanisms, and the current technical challenges and environmental issues faced by deep-sea rare earth resources. Moreover, this article emphasizes the needs to strengthen fundamental research, technological innovation, and international cooperation to promote the efficient and environmentally friendly development of deep-sea REY resources. Additionally, it calls for the establishment of comprehensive environmental impact assessment systems, the optimization of market forecasting models, and the rational utilization of these resources within the framework of international law to ensure national resource security and promote global sustainable development.
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| 关键词 |
深海稀土资源；成矿机制；持续开发；资源安全；绿色发展与生态文明
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| KeyWord |
deep-sea REY; mineralization mechanism; sustainable development; resource security; green development and ecological civilization
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| 基金项目 | |
| 页码 | 697-709 |
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