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中国玄武岩矿石和矿床类型、资源分布及工业开发利用现状
Basalt ore and deposit types, resource distribution, industrial development and utilization status in China
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| DOI | 10.20086/j.cnki.yskw.2025.4168 |
| 刊名 |
Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica
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| 年，卷(期) | 2025, 44(3) |
| 作者 |
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| 作者单位 |
1. 长江大学油气资源与勘查技术教育部重点实验室, 湖北 武汉 430100; |
| 摘要 |
玄武岩是自然界分布最广的喷出岩,储量较大。满足工业标准具有经济开采价值的玄武岩矿石具有独特的天然属性和优异性能被广泛用于各个工业领域。我国玄武岩矿资源丰富、分布广泛,但学界对该矿种的研究较少,总结我国玄武岩矿资源分布特征、工业开发利用现状对我国玄武岩矿产业发展有着重要的意义。本文综合了国内外的研究文献,梳理了中国玄武岩矿的分布特征,总结了玄武岩矿石、矿床类型及工业开发利用现状。研究表明中国玄武岩总量约为2万亿立方米,玄武岩矿石开采量截至2023年底已达到9 150万吨,并还在逐年增加。玄武岩矿床依据地球化学成分的差异可分为拉斑、钙碱性、碱性玄武岩矿床。产出矿石类型主要有建筑用、铸石用、岩棉用、饰面用、水泥混合材用5种类型,其中以建筑用玄武岩矿石和碱性玄武岩矿床最为常见。在工业开发利用上,玄武岩多用于建筑及建材领域,除此之外也可作为核废物固化材料、固碳材料和农业肥料。随着国家经济的发展,工业上对玄武岩矿石的开采与消耗量以年均7%的趋势升高,市场规模年均复合增长率超过10%,市场前景向好。在开发利用过程中,国内玄武岩矿石在建筑及建材领域消费占比高达98.5%,而在其他领域占比仅为1.5%,预期未来玄武岩矿石及其深加工产品向更广阔的领域拓展应用已成为必然趋势。
|
| Abstract |
Basalt is the most widely distributed extrusive rock in nature, with large reserves. Basalt ore, which meets industrial standards and has economic mining value, is widely used in various industrial fields because of its unique natural properties and excellent performance. Although China is rich in basalt mineral resources and widely distributed, there is less research on this deposit in the academic community. It is of great significance to summarize the distribution characteristics of basalt ore resources and the current situation of industrial development and utilization in China. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research, combs the distribution characteristics of basalt deposits in China, and summarizes the basalt ore, deposit types, industrial development and utilization status. The research shows that the total basalt volume in China is estimated to be about 2 trillion cubic meters, and the basalt ore mining volume has reached 91.5 million tons by the end of 2023, and is still increasing year by year. Basalt deposits can be divided into tholeiitic, calc alkaline and alkaline basalt deposits according to the difference of geochemical composition. From the perspective of ore types, there are mainly five types of basalt deposits for construction, cast stone, rock wool, veneer and cement mixture, among which basalt ore for construction and alkali basalt deposits are the most common. In terms of industrial development and utilization, basalt is mainly used in the field of construction and building materials. In addition, basalt can also be used as a solidification material for nuclear waste, carbon fixation material and agricultural fertilizer. With the development of the country, the mining and consumption of basalt ore in industry are increasing year by year with an average annual growth rate of 7%, and the compound annual growth rate of market scale is more than 10%. The market prospect is good. In the process of development and utilization, domestic basalt ore accounts for 98.5% of the consumption in the field of construction and building materials, while it only accounts for 1.5% in other fields. It is expected that in the future, basalt ore and its deep-processing products will expand their application in a broader field, which has become an inevitable trend.
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| 关键词 |
玄武岩矿；分布特征；矿床类型；开发利用；地质调查工程
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| KeyWord |
basalt ore; distribution characteristics; deposit type; development and utilization; geological survey engineering
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| 基金项目 | |
| 页码 | 710-726 |
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