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白云鄂博主矿霓石型铌-稀土-铁矿石中铌的赋存分布特征
Occurrence and distribution characteristics of niobium in aegirine-rich ores of main orebody in the Bayan Obo deposit
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| DOI | 10.20086/j.cnki.yskw.2025.4148 |
| 刊名 |
Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica
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| 年，卷(期) | 2025, 44(4) |
| 作者 |
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| 作者单位 |
1. 内蒙古科技大学矿业与煤炭学院, 内蒙古自治区矿业工程重点实验室, 内蒙古自治区煤炭安全开采与利用工程技术研究中心, 内蒙古煤炭绿色开采与绿色利用协同创新中心, 内蒙古 包头 014010; |
| 摘要 |
铌是一种稀有金属和战略资源,在现代工业中发挥着重要作用。白云鄂博Nb-REE-Fe矿床中铌资源储量巨大,但铌矿物细、散、稀,利用常规手段难以达到研究目的。本文在岩相学和能谱(EDS)分析的基础上,利用矿物自动定量分析系统(AMICS)和电子探针(EPMA)对白云鄂博主矿深部霓石型铌-稀土-铁矿石中铌的赋存分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,该类型矿石Nb2O5含量平均为0.15%,铌主要赋存于铌铁矿、烧绿石、易解石、包头矿和铌铁金红石中,这5种铌矿物在霓石型矿石中的矿物含量总和为0.40%。铌矿物粒度细,< 90 μm的占88.16%以上,呈半自形-他形或他形晶粒。EPMA分析表明,铌铁矿、烧绿石、易解石、包头矿和铌铁金红石中Nb2O5平均含量分别为73.46%、63.42%、28.43%、16.03%和15.81%。铌主要以独立铌矿物形式产出,少数以类质同象和(或)包裹体形式进入其他矿物。铌矿物分布分散,多分布于霓石、独居石和磷灰石或霓石、重晶石和氟碳铈矿颗粒间,常与霓石、萤石、独居石、氟碳铈矿、重晶石、磷灰石等矿物共伴生。铌矿物化学成分复杂,类质同象替换现象普遍,计算出的这5种铌矿物的化学分子式复杂。铌矿物中Nb与一些元素存在明显的相关性,易解石中Ca2+、Th4+存在选择性替换,进一步说明铌矿物在形成过程中发生了复杂的类质同象替换。Nb2O5在烧绿石中占有率最高,在包头矿中最低,前者是后者的近32倍,这5种铌矿物占有率总和为90.51%。烧绿石、铌铁矿、铌铁金红石和易解石是提取铌的主要工业矿物。该研究为后续铌的分选提供了依据,以便白云鄂博铌资源得到充分利用。
|
| Abstract |
Niobium is a rare metal and strategic resource that plays an important role in modern industry. The Bayan Obo Nb-REE-Fe deposit is a super-large niobium deposit with 2.2 Mt Nb2O5 resources at an average grade of 0.13%. Therefore, it is very important to find out the occurrence and distribution characteristics of niobium. The niobium mineral in the Bayan Obo deposit has the features of fine, scattered and thin, which is difficult to find by polarizing microscope, so it is impossible to achieve the research purpose. On the basis of petrography and EDS analysis, the occurrence and distribution characteristics of niobium in deep aegirine-rich Nb-REE-Fe ores in the Bayan Obo main mine were studied by means of AMICS and EPMA. The results show that the average content of Nb2O5 in the ores is 0.15%. Niobium mainly occurs in columbite, pyrochlore, aeschynite, baotite and ilmenorutile, the total mineral content of 5 niobium minerals in aegirine-rich ores is 0.40%. The particle size of niobium mineral is fine, < 90 μm accounts for more than 88.16%, and it is a subhedral or anhedral grain. The results of EPMA show that the average content of Nb2O5 in columbite, pyrochlore, aeschynite, baotite and ilmenorutile is 73.46%, 63.42%, 28.43%, 16.03% and 15.81%, respectively. Niobium is mainly occurred in the form of independent niobium minerals, and a few occurred with other minerals in the form of isomorphism and inclusion. Niobium minerals are scattered and mainly distributed among aegirine, monazite and apatite or aegirine, barite and bastnäsite particles, often associated with aegirine, fluorite, monazite, bastnäsite, barite, apatite and other minerals. The chemical composition of niobium minerals is considerably complex, and the phenomenon of isomorphic substitution is common. The chemical formula of 5 kinds of niobium minerals is calculated and quite complex. There are obvious correlations between Nb and some elements in niobium minerals, and there are selective substitution of Ca2+ and Th4+ ions in aeschynite, this further indicates that complex isomorphic substitution of niobium minerals occurs during the formation process. Nb2O5 has the highest occupancy rate in pyrochlore and the lowest in baotite, the former is nearly 32 times of the latter. The total occupancy rate of 5 niobium minerals was 90.51%. Pyrochlore, columbite, ilmenorutile and aeschynite are the main industrial minerals for extracting niobium. This study provides a basis for the mineral processing of niobium in order to make full use of the niobium resources in Bayan Obo.
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| 关键词 |
铌矿物；赋存分布特征；电子探针；白云鄂博
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| KeyWord |
niobium mineral; occurrence distribution characteristics; EPMA; Bayan Obo
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| 基金项目 | |
| 页码 | 965-980 |
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