相关学者
相关机构
Olfaction Under the Shadow of Depression: Objective Evidence from a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
Olfaction Under the Shadow of Depression: Objective Evidence from a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
ES评分0
| DOI | 10.20900/agmr20260001 |
| 刊名 |
AGMR
|
| 年，卷(期) | 2026, 8(1) |
| 作者 |
|
| 作者单位 |
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina ; |
| 摘要 |
By 2021, twenty-one million people in the US suffered at least one major depressive episode in their lives, while, in 2019, the WHO estimated that 280 million people were living with depression. Recent research may indicate that olfactory dysfunction plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression due to shared neural pathways involving the limbic system. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and depression by analyzing data obtained by objective tests from studies up to January 6, 2024. The overall analysis, including 13 studies relatively homogenous studies without publication bias, showed a slight, nonsignificant decline of olfactory perception in patients with depression vs. controls standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.137, 95% CI: −0.319 to 0.044; p = 0.137). However, sensitivity analyses using moderators such as gender, age, and type of olfactory test revealed variability in results, with the Sniffin’ Sticks test showing a significant association (SMD = −0.233, 95% CI: −0.454 to −0.012; p = 0.039). These findings suggest that olfactory dysfunction may be associated with depression, particularly when measured with the Sniffin Sticks test. Further research into standardized methodologies is needed to clarify this relationship.
|
| Abstract |
By 2021, twenty-one million people in the US suffered at least one major depressive episode in their lives, while, in 2019, the WHO estimated that 280 million people were living with depression. Recent research may indicate that olfactory dysfunction plays a role in the pathophysiology of depression due to shared neural pathways involving the limbic system. This meta-analysis aims to systematically review the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and depression by analyzing data obtained by objective tests from studies up to January 6, 2024. The overall analysis, including 13 studies relatively homogenous studies without publication bias, showed a slight, nonsignificant decline of olfactory perception in patients with depression vs. controls standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.137, 95% CI: −0.319 to 0.044; p = 0.137). However, sensitivity analyses using moderators such as gender, age, and type of olfactory test revealed variability in results, with the Sniffin’ Sticks test showing a significant association (SMD = −0.233, 95% CI: −0.454 to −0.012; p = 0.039). These findings suggest that olfactory dysfunction may be associated with depression, particularly when measured with the Sniffin Sticks test. Further research into standardized methodologies is needed to clarify this relationship.
|
| 关键词 |
odor perception deficit; depression; sniffin’ stick test; UPSIT; systematic review; hyposmia; anosmia
|
| KeyWord |
odor perception deficit; depression; sniffin’ stick test; UPSIT; systematic review; hyposmia; anosmia
|
| 基金项目 | |
| 页码 | - |
- 参考文献
- 相关文献
1.Constitution of the World Health Organization. Available from: https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution. Accessed 2024 Sep 11.
2.Negoias S, Croy I, Gerber J, Puschmann S, Petrowski K, Joraschky P, et al. Reduced olfactory bulb volume and olfactory sensitivity in patients with acute major depression. Neuroscience. 2010;169(1):415-21. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.05.012
3.Pollatos O, Albrecht J, Kopietz R, Linn J, Schoepf V, Kleemann AM, et al. Reduced olfactory sensitivity in subjects with depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2007;102(1-3):101-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2006.12.012
4.Sabiniewicz A, Hoffmann L, Haehner A, Hummel T. Symptoms of depression change with olfactory function. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):5656. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-09650-7
5.Auinger AB, Besser G, Liu DT, Renner B, Mueller CA. Long-term impact of olfactory dysfunction on daily life. Wiener Klin Wochenschr. 2021;133(19-20):1004-11. doi: 10.1007/s00508-020-01751-5
6.Croy I, Symmank A, Schellong J, Hummel C, Gerber J, Joraschky P, et al. Olfaction as a marker for depression in humans. J Affect Disord. 2014;160:80-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.026
7.Oral E, Aydin MD, Aydin N, Ozcan H, Hacimuftuoglu A, Sipal S, et al. How olfaction disorders can cause depression? The role of habenular degeneration. Neuroscience. 2013;240:63-9. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.02.026
8.Joo YH, Hwang SH, Han K, Seo JH, Kang JM. Relationship between olfactory dysfunction and suicidal ideation: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2015;29(4):268-72. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4194
9.Naudin M, El-Hage W, Gomes M, Gaillard P, Belzung C, Atanasova B. State and trait olfactory markers of major depression. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(10):e46938. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046938
10.Yuan TF, Slotnick BM. Roles of olfactory system dysfunction in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2014;54:26-30. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.05.013
11.Clepce M, Gossler A, Reich K, Kornhuber J, Thuerauf N. The relation between depression, anhedonia and olfactory hedonic estimates—A pilot study in major depression. Neurosci Lett. 2010;471(3):139-43. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2010.01.027
12.Evans-Lacko S, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Al-Hamzawi A, Alonso J, Benjet C, Bruffaerts R, et al. Socio-economic variations in the mental health treatment gap for people with anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders: results from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) surveys. Psychol Med. 2017;48:1-12. doi: 10.1017/S0033291717003336
13.Major Depression—National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Available from: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/statistics/major-depression. Accessed 2024 Sep 25.
14.Kohli P, Soler ZM, Nguyen SA, Muus JS, Schlosser RJ. The association between olfaction and depression: a systematic review. Chem Senses. 2016;41(6):479-86. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjw061
15.Kim BY, Bae JH. Olfactory function and depression: a meta-analysis. Ear Nose Throat J. 2025;104(1):39-46. doi: 10.1177/01455613211056553
16.Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097
17.Doty RL, Shaman P, Dann M. Development of the University of Pennsylvania smell identification test: a standardized microencapsulated test of olfactory function. Physiol Behav. 1984;32(3):489-502. doi: 10.1016/0031-9384(84)90269-5
18.Hummel T, Sekinger B, Wolf SR, Pauli E, Kobal G. Sniffin' sticks: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses. 1997;22(1):39-52. doi: 10.1093/chemse/22.1.39
19.DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7(3):177-88. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2
20.Cochran WG. The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics. 1954;10(1):101. doi: 10.2307/3001666
21.Borenstein M, editor. Introduction to meta-analysis (Nachdr.). Hoboken (NJ, US): Wiley; 2013.
22.Lombion-Pouthier S, Vandel P, Nezelof S, Haffen E, Millot JL. Odor perception in patients with mood disorders. J Affect Disord. 2006;90(2-3):187-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.11.012
23.Begg CB, Mazumdar M. Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics. 1994;50(4):1088-101.
24.Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ (Clin Res Ed). 1997;315(7109):629-34. doi: 10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629
25.Pabel LD, Hummel T, Weidner K, Croy I. The impact of severity, course and duration of depression on olfactory function. J Affect Disord. 2018;238:194-203. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.033
26.Leonard B, Maes M. Mechanistic explanations how cell-mediated immune activation, inflammation and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways and their sequels and concomitants play a role in the pathophysiology of unipolar depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2012;36(2):764-85. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.005
27.Scinska A, Wrobel E, Korkosz A, Zatorski P, Sienkiewicz‐Jarosz H, Lojkowska W, et al. Depressive symptoms and olfactory function in older adults. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. agosto de 2008;62(4):450-6
28.Gross-Isseroff R, Luca-Haimovici K, Sasson Y, Kindler S, Kotler M, Zohar J. Olfactory sensitivity in major depressive disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 1994;35(10):798-802. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(94)91142-8
29.Kamath V, Paksarian D, Cui L, Moberg PJ, Turetsky BI, Merikangas KR. Olfactory processing in bipolar disorder, major depression, and anxiety. Bipolar Disord. 2018;20(6):547-55. doi: 10.1111/bdi.12625
- 文献评论